Previous Models Research Articles

Co-Guiding for Multi-Intent Spoken Language Understanding.

Recent graph-based models for multi-intent SLU have obtained promising results through modeling the guidance from the prediction of intents to the decoding of slot filling. However, existing methods (1) only model the unidirectional guidance from intent to slot, while there are bidirectional inter-correlations between intent and slot; (2) adopt homogeneous graphs to model the interactions between the slot semantics nodes and intent label nodes, which limit the performance. In this paper, we propose a novel model termed Co-guiding Net, which implements a two-stage framework achieving the mutual guidances between the two tasks. In the first stage, the initial estimated labels of both tasks are produced, and then they are leveraged in the second stage to model the mutual guidances. Specifically, we propose two heterogeneous graph attention networks working on the proposed two heterogeneous semantics-label graphs, which effectively represent the relations among the semantics nodes and label nodes. Besides, we further propose Co-guiding-SCL Net, which exploits the single-task and dual-task semantics contrastive relations. For the first stage, we propose single-task supervised contrastive learning, and for the second stage, we propose co-guiding supervised contrastive learning, which considers the two tasks' mutual guidances in the contrastive learning procedure. Experiment results on multi-intent SLU show that our model outperforms existing models by a large margin, obtaining a relative improvement of 21.3% over the previous best model on MixATIS dataset in overall accuracy. We also evaluate our model on the zero-shot cross-lingual scenario and the results show that our model can relatively improve the state-of-the-art model by 33.5% on average in terms of overall accuracy for the total 9 languages.

A 3-D Convolution-Based Burn-Through Point Multistep Prediction Model for Sintering Process

Predicting burn-through point (BTP) in advance is a quite critical task for the sintering process. However, sintering is a complex physicochemical reaction process, and the strong spatial-temporal correlations of data make the multi-step prediction task very challenging. The previous BTP multi-step prediction model only extracts spatial features in the high-level layers, leaving the spatial features in the low-level layers not learned. Specifically, the previous model only considers the relationships between the process variables and BTP, ignoring the spatial coupling relations among process variables. Further, the existing loss function is mainly based on Euclidean distance, which cannot learn dynamic information of multi-step prediction sequence. To tackle these problems, in this study, we propose a 3D convolution-based BTP multi-step prediction model (CBMP) to simultaneously capture spatial-temporal features. First, the 3D convolution is employed to capture the spatial-temporal features from low-level to high-level layers at the same time. Secondly, a spatial-temporal recalibration block is proposed to further refine the extracted features to increase the contributions of informative features and suppress the less useful ones. Finally, we design a time-aware multi-step prediction loss function to dynamically weigh the similarity between the actual sequence and the predicted sequence. The experimental results on two real-world BTP datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model on the BTP multi-step prediction task.

Robust Polar Amplification in Ice-Free Climates Relies on Ocean Heat Transport and Cloud Radiative Effects

Abstract A fundamental divide exists between previous studies that conclude that polar amplification does not occur without sea ice and studies that find that polar amplification is an inherent feature of the atmosphere independent of sea ice. We hypothesize that a representation of climatological ocean heat transport is key for simulating polar amplification in ice-free climates. To investigate this, we run a suite of targeted experiments in the slab ocean aquaplanet configuration of CESM2-CAM6 with different profiles of prescribed ocean heat transport, which are invariant under CO2 quadrupling. In simulations without climatological ocean heat transport, polar amplification does not occur. In contrast, in simulations with climatological ocean heat transport, robust polar amplification occurs in all seasons. What is causing this dependence of polar amplification on ocean heat transport? Energy-balance model theory is incapable of explaining our results and in fact would predict that introducing ocean heat transport leads to less polar amplification. We instead demonstrate that shortwave cloud radiative feedbacks can explain the divergent polar climate responses simulated by CESM2-CAM6. Targeted cloud locking experiments in the zero ocean heat transport simulations are able to reproduce the polar amplification of the climatological ocean heat transport simulations, solely by prescribing high-latitude cloud radiative feedbacks. We conclude that polar amplification in ice-free climates is underpinned by ocean–atmosphere coupling, through a less negative high latitude shortwave cloud radiative feedback that facilitates enhanced polar warming. In addition to reconciling previous disparities, these results have important implications for interpreting past equable climates and climate projections under high-emissions scenarios. Significance Statement Polar amplification is a robust feature of climate change in the modern-day climate. However, previous climate modeling studies fundamentally do not agree on whether polar amplification occurs in ice-free climates. In this study, we find in a state-of-the-art climate model that, if ocean heat transport is neglected, the response to an increase in CO2 is not polar amplified, whereas robust polar amplification occurs if ocean heat transport is included. Using targeted model experiments, we diagnose cloud radiative effects as the driver of this divergent behavior. We conclude that polar amplification is a robust feature of the atmosphere–ocean system. Our results have important implications for interpreting past warm climates and future projections under high-emissions scenarios.

Magnetically driven winds from accretion disks in post-asymptotic giant branch binaries

Context. Jets are commonly detected in post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) binaries and originate from an accretion process onto the companion of the post-AGB primary. These jets are revealed by high-resolution spectral time series. Aims. This paper is part of a series. In this work, we move away from our previous parametric modelling and include a self-similar wind model that allows the physical properties of post-AGB binaries to be characterised. This model describes magnetically driven jets from a thin accretion disk threaded by a large-scale, near equipartition vertical field. Methods. We expanded our methodology in order to simulate the high-resolution dynamic spectra coming from the obscuration of the primary by the jets launched by the companion. We present the framework to exploit the self-similar jet models for post-AGB binaries. We performed a parameter study to investigate the impact of different parameters (inclination, accretion rate, inner and outer launching radius) on the synthetic spectra. Results. We successfully included the physical jet models into our framework. The synthetic spectra have a very similar orbital phase coverage and absorption strengths as the observational data. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) jet models provide a good representation of the actual jet creation process in these evolved binaries. Challenges remain, however, as the needed high-accretion rate would induce accretion disks that are too hot in comparison to the data. Moreover, the rotational signature of the models is not detected in the observations. In future research, we will explore models with a higher disk ejection efficiency and even lower magnetisation in order to solve some of the remaining discrepancies between the observed and synthetic dynamic spectra.

A lightweight security model for ensuring patient privacy and confidentiality in telehealth applications

Telehealth, a cornerstone of Healthcare 4.0 has widespread adoption owing to its convenience and efficiency. However, the secure transmission of patient records over the Internet and Cloud services remains a paramount concern. This study endeavors to design an enhanced security model that guarantees the privacy and confidentiality of patient electronic health records in telehealth applications. The proposed model employs a lightweight encryption algorithm to generate an access token that strictly regulates data access exclusively to the patient's department. Leveraging the patient's unique ID for encryption and decryption processes, the model ensures the secure handling of sensitive information. Robust data privacy measures are implemented through a random key generator utilizing the patient's ECG signal for secure key generation. Test results underscore the efficacy of the proposed security model in limiting access to patient-related data within the designated department. Furthermore, the model employs an efficient encryption algorithm, resulting in a 0.2% increase in generation rate compared to previous models, while reducing CPU usage by 23.16%. These enhancements significantly bolster the reliability and efficiency of the security model, providing robust safeguards for patient electronic health records' privacy and confidentiality during transmission across diverse telehealth applications. This study makes a substantial contribution to healthcare by addressing critical concerns surrounding patient privacy and confidentiality. The designed security model stands poised for seamless integration into various telehealth applications, offering a steadfast solution for data privacy and confidentiality concerns.

Enhancing cladding mechanical modelling during DBA/LOCA accidents with FRAPTRAN: The TUmech one-dimensional model

The analysis of the cladding mechanical performance is essential for predicting rod failure during the heat-up phase of a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA). Previous modelling and simulation exercises have shown that there is room for improvement in the accuracy of fuel performance simulations under such conditions. In this work, TUmech, a simplified standalone version of the mechanical model in TRANSURANUS, has been developed and coupled with FRAPTRAN-2.0. After highlighting the most significant differences between both approaches, particularly in their mechanical treatment and material property correlations, simulations have been performed for IFA-650.2 (fresh fuel) and IFA-650.10 (high burnup fuel) of the Halden LOCA test series. The results obtained from both FRAPTRAN versions have been compared with experimental data and benchmarked against TRANSURANUS estimates, focusing on rod inner gas pressure, post-test cladding outer diameter, and burst time. In both scenarios, FRAPTRAN-TUmech has proven to enhance the accuracy in predicting these three variables compared to the FRAPTRAN default version. However, further validation is required before drawing definitive conclusions based on the encouraging results.

Exploring ChatGPT for next-generation information retrieval: Opportunities and challenges

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has spotlighted ChatGPT as a key technology in the realm of information retrieval (IR). Unlike its predecessors, it offers notable advantages that have captured the interest of both industry and academia. While some consider ChatGPT to be a revolutionary innovation, others believe its success stems from smart product and market strategy integration. The advent of ChatGPT and GPT-4 has ushered in a new era of Generative AI, producing content that diverges from training examples, and surpassing the capabilities of OpenAI’s previous GPT-3 model. In contrast to the established supervised learning approach in IR tasks, ChatGPT challenges traditional paradigms, introducing fresh challenges and opportunities in text quality assurance, model bias, and efficiency. This paper aims to explore the influence of ChatGPT on IR tasks, providing insights into its potential future trajectory.

DocFormerv2: Local Features for Document Understanding

We propose DocFormerv2, a multi-modal transformer for Visual Document Understanding (VDU). The VDU domain entails understanding documents (beyond mere OCR predictions) e.g., extracting information from a form, VQA for documents and other tasks. VDU is challenging as it needs a model to make sense of multiple modalities (visual, language and spatial) to make a prediction. Our approach, termed DocFormerv2 is an encoder-decoder transformer which takes as input - vision, language and spatial features. DocFormerv2 is pre-trained with unsupervised tasks employed asymmetrically i.e., two novel document tasks on encoder and one on the auto-regressive decoder. The unsupervised tasks have been carefully designed to ensure that the pre-training encourages local-feature alignment between multiple modalities. DocFormerv2 when evaluated on nine challenging datasets shows state-of-the-art performance on all over strong baselines - On TabFact (+4.3%), InfoVQA (+1.4%), FUNSD (+1.0%). Furthermore, to show generalization capabilities, on three VQA tasks involving scene-text, DocFormerv2 outperforms previous comparably-sized models and even does better than much larger models (such as GIT2, PaLI and Flamingo) on these tasks. Extensive ablations show that due to its novel pre-training tasks, DocFormerv2 understands multiple modalities better than prior-art in VDU.

Semantic Segmentation in Multiple Adverse Weather Conditions with Domain Knowledge Retention

Semantic segmentation's performance is often compromised when applied to unlabeled adverse weather conditions. Unsupervised domain adaptation is a potential approach to enhancing the model's adaptability and robustness to adverse weather. However, existing methods encounter difficulties when sequentially adapting the model to multiple unlabeled adverse weather conditions. They struggle to acquire new knowledge while also retaining previously learned knowledge. To address these problems, we propose a semantic segmentation method for multiple adverse weather conditions that incorporates adaptive knowledge acquisition, pseudo-label blending, and weather composition replay. Our adaptive knowledge acquisition enables the model to avoid learning from extreme images that could potentially cause the model to forget. In our approach of blending pseudo-labels, we not only utilize the current model but also integrate the previously learned model into the ongoing learning process. This collaboration between the current teacher and the previous model enhances the robustness of the pseudo-labels for the current target. Our weather composition replay mechanism allows the model to continuously refine its previously learned weather information while simultaneously learning from the new target domain. Our method consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, and obtains the best performance with averaged mIoU (%) of 65.7 and the lowest forgetting (%) of 3.6 against 60.1 and 11.3, on the ACDC datsets for a four-target continual multi-target domain adaptation.

Hawkes-Enhanced Spatial-Temporal Hypergraph Contrastive Learning Based on Criminal Correlations

Crime prediction is a crucial yet challenging task within urban computing, which benefits public safety and resource optimization. Over the years, various models have been proposed, and spatial-temporal hypergraph learning models have recently shown outstanding performances. However, three correlations underlying crime are ignored, thus hindering the performance of previous models. Specifically, there are two spatial correlations and one temporal correlation, i.e., (1) co-occurrence of different types of crimes (type spatial correlation), (2) the closer to the crime center, the more dangerous it is around the neighborhood area (neighbor spatial correlation), and (3) the closer between two timestamps, the more relevant events are (hawkes temporal correlation). To this end, we propose Hawkes-enhanced Spatial-Temporal Hypergraph Contrastive Learning framework (HCL), which mines the aforementioned correlations via two specific strategies. Concretely, contrastive learning strategies are designed for two spatial correlations, and hawkes process modeling is adopted for temporal correlations. Extensive experiments demonstrate the promising capacities of HCL from four aspects, i.e., superiority, transferability, effectiveness, and sensitivity.

A quantitative genetic model of background selection in humans.

Across the human genome, there are large-scale fluctuations in genetic diversity caused by the indirect effects of selection. This "linked selection signal" reflects the impact of selection according to the physical placement of functional regions and recombination rates along chromosomes. Previous work has shown that purifying selection acting against the steady influx of new deleterious mutations at functional portions of the genome shapes patterns of genomic variation. To date, statistical efforts to estimate purifying selection parameters from linked selection models have relied on classic Background Selection theory, which is only applicable when new mutations are so deleterious that they cannot fix in the population. Here, we develop a statistical method based on a quantitative genetics view of linked selection, that models how polygenic additive fitness variance distributed along the genome increases the rate of stochastic allele frequency change. By jointly predicting the equilibrium fitness variance and substitution rate due to both strong and weakly deleterious mutations, we estimate the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) and mutation rate across three geographically distinct human samples. While our model can accommodate weaker selection, we find evidence of strong selection operating similarly across all human samples. Although our quantitative genetic model of linked selection fits better than previous models, substitution rates of the most constrained sites disagree with observed divergence levels. We find that a model incorporating selective interference better predicts observed divergence in conserved regions, but overall our results suggest uncertainty remains about the processes generating fitness variation in humans.

Mice, myeloid cells, and dengue: a new model for unraveling vascular leakage mysteries.

Severe dengue is thought to be caused by an excessive host immune response. To study the pathogenesis of severe dengue, we developed a novel model using LysM Cre+Ifnarflox/flox mice carrying depleted Ifnar expression only in subsets of murine myeloid cells. Although dengue virus (DENV) clinical isolates were not virulent in LysM Cre+Ifnarflox/flox mice, mouse-adapted DV1-5P7Sp and DV3P12/08P4Bm, which were obtained by passaging the spleen or bone marrow of mice, demonstrated 100% lethality with severe vascular leakage in the liver and small intestine. DV1-5P7Sp and DV3P12/08P4Bm harbored five and seven amino acid substitutions, respectively. Infection also induced neutrophil infiltration in the small intestine, and increased expression of IL-6 and MMP-8 and blockade of TNF-α signaling protected the mice, as demonstrated in a previous severe dengue mouse model using C57/BL6 mice lacking both IFN-α/β and IFN-γ receptors. Notably, the new models with DV1-5P7Sp and DV3P12/08P4Bm showed an increased proliferative capacity of the adapted viruses in the thymus and bone marrow. These observations suggest that myeloid cell infection is sufficient to trigger cytokine storm-induced vascular leakage. This model can refine the factors involved in the pathology of severe dengue leading to vascular leakage.

Dynamic behavior modelling of the silicone-ethanol actuator based on principal dynamic modes of the Laguerre model

The silicone-ethanol actuator is an emerging artificial muscle gaining attention because of its simple construction/stimulation and high-force generation. Most related researches are focused on structural modification methods, while behavior modeling has received less attention. Although the previous models are highly accurate, they suffer from the lack of ethanol content as an input, highly feedback dependency, and fixed output range. In this research, to address the mentioned concerns, the actuator was made according to the conventional procedure and subjected to stimulation, and displacement/blocked-force recording by special custom hardware. The displacement/blocked-force was not limited to a fix amount in order to evaluate ethanol leakage. To predict displacement/blocked-force, a non-autoregressive model was developed with the applied energy, temperature, and ethanol content as inputs. The Laguerre functions was applied to ensure dynamic matching between input-output. Finally, Principal Dynamic Mode analysis was used to optimize the number of filter banks in the model. The results showed that the proposed model provide a reasonable balance between accuracy, interpretability, and simplicity. Also, we found that the prediction of displacement/blocked-force is mainly influenced by the core-temperature/applied-energy, respectively. The proposed model focuses on the effect of stimulation signal and disregards the structural parameters due to their variety in different applications. By considering the both structural parameters and excitation signal, a more comprehensive model can be developed to predict actuator dynamic behavior.

Marine heatwaves disrupt ecosystem structure and function via altered food webs and energy flux

The prevalence and intensity of marine heatwaves is increasing globally, disrupting local environmental conditions. The individual and population-level impacts of prolonged heatwaves on marine species have recently been demonstrated, yet whole-ecosystem consequences remain unexplored. We leveraged time series abundance data of 361 taxa, grouped into 86 functional groups, from six long-term surveys, diet information from a new diet database, and previous modeling efforts, to build two food web networks using an extension of the popular Ecopath ecosystem modeling framework, Ecotran. We compare ecosystem models parameterized before and after the onset of recent marine heatwaves to evaluate the cascading effects on ecosystem structure and function in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. While the ecosystem-level contribution (prey) and demand (predators) of most functional groups changed following the heatwaves, gelatinous taxa experienced the largest transformations, underscored by the arrival of northward-expanding pyrosomes. We show altered trophic relationships and energy flux have potentially profound consequences for ecosystem structure and function, and raise concerns for populations of threatened and harvested species.

Development of a rock-bit interaction analytical model by considering the in-situ stresses for a bottom-hole element

PDC drill bits are an important part of drilling engineering, but improper selection or design can lead to decreased performance and increased costs. Then, accurate modeling of rock-bit interaction for Oil/gas well drilling is critical. Although several mathematical models are presented for this purpose, they have not been able to present a comprehensive model for the rock-bit interaction. In-situ stresses in real drilling conditions affect the force required for rock failure. However, the models proposed so far either have not considered the effects of in-situ stresses or have assumed that the rock failure angle in the downhole conditions is equal to the one calculated in the atmospheric conditions. In this work, after reviewing the background of studies conducted on the rock and bit interaction, with an analytical method, stresses applied to the bottom hole element are examined, including stresses resulting from bit and in-situ stresses. Based on the principle of superposition, the total stress imposed on the bottom hole element is calculated to determine the angle and force of rock cutting. Finally, a novel mathematical model of rock-bit interaction in vertical and deviated oil/gas wells drilling by Considering In-Situ Stresses is presented. Also, the study compares the current model to the Nishimatsu and Xin Ling models using data from a southwest field in Iran. The results show that the simplifying assumption made by previous models leads to a significant underestimation of the failure angle and the amount of force required to the rock failure, with reductions of up to 21% and 48%, respectively, in the case of a vertical well. In an inclined well, the current model predicts cutting force at about 0.14 of that predicted by the previous model.

R-z plane spatial critical current inhomogeneity-induced mechanical response of GdBCO superconducting bulks during field cooling magnetization

Benefiting from the high critical current density (J c), single-grain (RE)BCO (where RE = rare earth or Gd) bulks are capable of trapping over 17.6 T magnetic field which is crucial for the application of bulk superconductors. Nevertheless, during field cooling magnetization (FCM), the large mechanical stress induced by Lorentz forces may lead to fracture behavior in the brittle ceramic nature of (RE)BCO materials. Most previous numerical models that adopted simplified homogeneous J c had difficulty reflecting the real stress/strain situation in high temperature superconductor (HTS) bulks. Based on the proposed modified Jirsa model considering r-z plane J c inhomogeneity, we investigate the mechanical response of GdBCO bulks manufactured by top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) process. A 2D axisymmetric electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical coupled model is implemented to take into account the dependence of J c upon mechanical deformation. The simulation results show the electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical response of the r-z plane inhomogeneous J c model is lower than that obtained by the homogeneous J c model. This confirms Takahashi’s speculation (K Takahashi 2019 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32 015007) about the mismatch between experimental data and the simulation results of homogeneous J c model, and suggests the stress levels in the bottom plane of HTS bulk are overestimated by the previous homogeneous J c model. On top of that, the overall stress level of GdBCO bulk is strongly determined by the magnitude and position of the Lorentz force load, and the stress distribution of inhomogeneous J c model is mainly concentrated in high J c regions near top surface, instead of being symmetrically distributed along the z-axis as in homogeneous J c model. The mechanical response of stainless steel reinforced GdBCO bulk was aslo simulated and analyzed. Finally, the coupling effect between the fracture strength variability caused by defects and cracks and the trapped field in GdBCO bulks with r-z plane J c inhomogeneity is further studied. This study may provide a relatively realistic mechanical response of HTS bulk during FCM, and a novel design consideration for its mechanical reinforcement.

Abnormally large radiational S2 tides in the Gulf of Tonkin and implications for other diurnal resonant seas

Radiational tides derived from solar radiation are important components of ocean tides. Understanding dynamical features of radiational tides can be beneficial for further promoting the accuracy of water level prediction. Generally, radiational S2 amplitudes are only 10%–30% of gravitational S2 amplitudes, which has been verified by numerous studies. However, a previous study indicated that radidational S2 amplitudes can reach 60% of gravitational S2 amplitudes in the Gulf of Tonkin and related physical processes are unknown. In this paper, we revisit this abnormal phenomenon and find that such large radiational S2 amplitudes are not real, but artifacts induced by the inadaptation of the method based on the credo of smoothness. Specifically, observed semi-diurnal tidal admittances in the Gulf of Tonkin are not smooth due to strong nonlinear interactions between large main diurnal tides. We quantitatively estimate and remove the contributions of quadratic and quartic nonlinear interactions to main semi-diurnal tides and find that the real ratio of radiational S2 amplitude to astronomical S2 amplitude is only 0.17 at Beihai, which is basically consistent with previous model results. Our study highlights the importance of eliminating the interference of nonlinear interactions to semi-diurnal tidal admittances in all diurnal resonant sea areas like the Gulf of Tonkin and the Gulf of Thailand when extracting radiational S2 tides from sea level observations.

Modeling future land use and land cover under different scenarios using patch-generating land use simulation model. A case study of Ndola district

Accurate predictions of changes in Land-use and Land-cover (LULC) are crucial in climate modeling, providing valuable insights into the possible effects of land-use alterations on Earth’s intricate system. This study focuses on forecasting and examining future LULC changes in the Ndola district from 2022 to 2042, considering three scenarios: Traditional mode (TM), Ecological protection (EP), and Economic Development (ED). TM reflects past land use changes, EP prioritizes environmental conservation, and ED emphasizes economic growth and urbanization. Using the patch-generating land use simulation (PLUS) model, we achieved precise predictions of LULC changes in Ndola district. The model, which combines LEAS rule-extraction with a CA model using CARS, addresses limitations of previous models like CLUE-S, CA-Markov, and FLUS by accurately simulating scattered LULC patterns and the mutual attraction and evolution of open space and urban land under different policies. Using LULC data from the livingatlas platform for the base period (2017–2022), the model demonstrated a Kappa coefficient of 78% and a FoM value of 0.34. Key findings indicate significant trends, such as reductions in forest and agricultural lands in the TM and ED scenarios, with rangeland expanding consistently across all scenarios, particularly in the ED scenario. The decline in agricultural and forest lands raises concerns about household food security, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, and diminished ecosystem services. Urban sprawl onto other land uses could further strain urban infrastructure and public services. Future research should incorporate uncertainty analysis methods such as fuzzy logic or Bayesian methodologies to quantify and differentiate uncertainties related to modeling simulations.

Creativity Through Embodied Movement in Expressive Activities: Conceptualising a New Pedagogical Model

ABSTRACT This work aimed to outline the first stages for the development of a pedagogical model for teaching-learning of expressive content within physical education (creative body movement). Drawing on several suggestions from previous models’ conceptualizations, we explore and present the theoretical foundations, practical considerations, and assumptions that align and support their core features. The major theme of the model is that students explore new expressive movements and develop capabilities through expressive games or tasks that nurture their creativity and ease their embodied movements. This implies that teachers should provide students with several resources and stimuli to nurture their creativity. Also, teachers should promote students’ embodiment through the exploration of new movements that allow knowing themselves in different movement situations. The affective and cognitive domains will be prominent in this model. The teachers’ and students’ assumptions, implementation needs, and enactment about how to apply this model are also proposed.

A framework for the facilitation of accelerated leadership and management capability development in the workplace

A holistic framework for the design of leadership and management programs to accelerate leadership and management capability development in the workplace is presented. Previous models and frameworks have been primarily based on program design inputs and outcomes and have not adequately considered the mediating role of learning processes and learner preferences in the relationship between program design inputs and outcomes. Additionally, most existing models and frameworks do not offer holistic approaches. Four theoretical implications and five practical applications of the framework are presented. The three defining features of the leadership and management learning framework are the focus on the development of competencies that underpin effective leadership, the central role of learning facilitation in this development, and the workplace learning processes that enable leadership and management development, and specifically meta-learning processes. Contributions to theory involve the integration of meta-learning and facilitation in the framework and the six propositions posited. A series of practical implications for advancing leadership program design, delivery and evaluation is also presented.